Breviary Technical Ceramics
 

      Materials

 

 


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3.3 Classification

Early standardisation

The fundamental need of application engineers to consider matters of safety and reliability led at a very early stage to the standardisation of ceramic materials by the Association of German Electrical Engineers (VDE). Only materials that fulfilled these specifications were certified for applications in electrical engineering.

The importance of this "Ceramic Materials for Electronics" standard is emphasised by the fact that the German regulatory standard DIN IEC 40 685 / VDE 0335 was accepted as binding, both nationally and internationally, for decades. The reworked standard has been published as DIN EN 60 672. The materials standardised there are categorised into groups (100, 200 etc.) and are identified by type numbers (C...)[1].

Since these and other materials also became very important outside electronics, a standard for the classification of the features of technical ceramics was developed by the "European Committee for Standardisation" (CEN) as EN 12 212. The German version was published as DIN EN 12 212.

The two standards are fundamentally different. DIN EN 60 672 assigns brief type identifiers to defined ceramic materials and describes their minimum requirements. These material identifiers (e. g.e.g. C 799) are frequently entered on technical drawings. DIN EN 12 212 on the other hand is a flexible system through which individual identifiers can be encoded immediately.

The preliminary European standard, prENV 14 232, moreover, defines important basic terms related to high-performance ceramics and formulaic short identifiers for ceramic materials, frequently containing indications to the manufacturing technique.

In Table 1 the materials used for insulation purposes in accordance with DIN EN 60 672 are shown with their corresponding material identifier (C...), and materials according to manufacturers' specification marked wherever possible with abbreviations according to DIN ENV 14 232.

Silicate ceramics

  Alkali aluminosilicates
(C 100)
  Quartz porcelain, plastically formed
C 110
  Quartz porcelain, pressed
C 111
  Cristobalite porcelain, plastically formed
C 112
  Alumina porcelain
C 120
  Alumina porcelain, high strength
C 130
  Lithium porcelain
C 140

 

  Magnesia silicates
(C 200)
  Low voltage steatite
C 210
  Standard steatite
C 221
  Steatite, low loss angle
C 221
  Porous steatite
C 230
  Forsterite, porous
C 240
  Forsterite, dense
C 250

 

  Alkaline earth – aluminosilicates and zircon porcelain
(C 400)
  Cordierite, dense
C 410
  Celsian, dense
C 420
  Basic calcium oxide, dense
C 430
  Basic zircon, dense
C 440

 

  Porous aluminosilicates and magnesium-aluminosilicates
(C 500)
  Aluminosilicate based
C 510
  Magnesium-aluminosilicate based
C 511
  Magnesium-aluminosilicate based
C 512
  Cordierite based
C 520
  Aluminosilicate based
C 530

 

  Mullite ceramic with low alkali content
(C 600)
  Mullite ceramics with 50 % to 65 % Al2O3
C 610
  Mullite ceramics with 65 % to 80 % Al2O3
C 620

 

Oxide ceramics

  Titanates and other ceramics with high permittivity
(C 300)
  Titanium dioxide based
C 310
  Magnesium titanate based
C 320
  Titanium dioxide and other oxides
C 330
  Titanium dioxide and other oxides
C 331
  Calcium and strontium bismuth titanate based
C 340
  Ferroelectric perovskites based
C 350
  Ferroelectric perovskite based
C 351

 

  Ceramic materials with high alumina content
(C 700)
  High Al2O3 content ceramics; > 80 % to 86 % Al2O3
C 780
  High Al2O3 content ceramics; > 86 % to 95 % Al2O3
C 786
  High Al2O3 content ceramics; > 95 % to 99 % Al2O3
C 795
  High Al2O3 content ceramics; > 99 % Al2O3
C 799
 

    

 

  Other oxide ceramics materials
(C 800)
  Beryllium oxide, dense
C 810
  Magnesium oxide (MgO), porous
C 820
 

     Magnesium oxide
MgO *
  Zirconium oxide (ZrO2)
(C 830)²
 

     partially stabilised zirconium oxide
PSZ *
 

     fully stabilised zirconium oxide
FSZ *
 

     tetragonal polycrystalline zirconium oxide
TZP *
  Aluminium titanate
ATI *
  Lead zirconium titanate (piezo-ceramics)
PZT *
  Fused silica ceramic (SiO2)
SiO2 *
  Spinel (MgO . Al2O3)
Spinel **
  Mullite (Al2O3 . SiO2)
Mullite **
  Titanium dioxide (TiO2)
TiO2 *



Non-oxide ceramics

  Carbides
  Silicon carbide (SiC)
SiC *
 

     re-crystallised silicon carbide
RSIC *
 

     nitride-bonded silicon carbide
NSIC *
 

     (non-pressurised) sintered silicon carbide
SSIC *
 

     silicon infiltrated silicon carbide
SISIC *
 

     liquid-phase sintered silicon carbide
LPSIC *
 

     hot-pressed silicon carbide
HPSIC *
 

     isostatic hot-pressed silicon carbide
HIPSIC *
 

     silicate-bonded silicon carbide
SiC *
  Boron carbide (B4C)
BC *

 

  Nitrides and "non-oxide ceramic insulators"
(C 900)
  Aluminium nitride (AlN)
C 910
       Aluminium nitride
ALN *
  Boron nitride (BN)
C 920
       cubic boron nitride
CBN *
       hexagonal boron nitride
HBN *
  Silicon nitride, reaction-bonded, porous (RBSN)
C 930
  Silicon nitride, dense
C 935
  Silicon nitride (SN)
SN *
       sintered silicon nitride
SSN *
       reaction-bonded silicon nitride
RBSN *
       hot-pressed silicon nitride
HPSN *
       isostatic hot-pressed silicon nitride
HIPSN *
  Silicon aluminium oxynitride
SIALON *
  Titanium nitride (TiN)
TiN *

Caption:
*
** 		Material according to DIN EN 60 672 in the form of C...
Material according to DIN ENV 14 242 as abbreviation
Material name in common speech
 

Table 1: Technical ceramics materials


  
 
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